Nb Assessment

Table 21-2 SUMMARY OF NEWBORN ASSESSMENT *MCH pages 479-473| NORMAL| ABNORMAL (POSSIBLE CAUSES)| NURSING CONSIDERATIONS| Initial AssessmentAssess for obvious problems first. If infant is stable and has no problems that require immediate attention, continue with complete assessment. | Vital Signs| TemperatureAxillary: 36. 5– 37. 5 °C (97. 7 – 99. 5 °F). Axilla is preferred site. | Decreased (cold environment, hypoglycemia, infection, CNS problem). Increased (infection, environment to warm). | Decreased: Institute warming measures and check in 30 minutes. Check blood glucose. Increased: the excessive clothing.Check for dehydration. Decreased or increased: look for signs of infection. Check radiant warmer or incubator temperature setting. Check thermometer for accuracy if skin is warm or cool to touch. Report abnormal temperature to physician. | PulsesHeart rate 120 – 160 BPM. (100 sleeping, 180 crying). Rhythm regular. PMI at 3rd-4th intercostal space lateral t o mid-clavicular line. Brachial, femoral, and pedal pulses present and equal bilaterally. | Tachycardia (respiratory problems, anemia, infection, cardiac conditions). Bradycardia (asphyxia, increased intracranial pressure).PMI to right (dextrocardia-heart situated to right of body, pneumothorax). Murmurs (normal or congenital heart defects). Dysrhythmias. Absent or unequal pulses (coarctation of the aorta). | Note location of murmurs. Refer abnormal rates, rhythms and sounds, pulses. | RespirationsRate 30 -60 (AVG 40 -49) BrPM. Respirations irregular, shallow, unlabored. Chest movements symmetric. Breath sounds present and clear bilaterally. | Tachypnea, especially after the first hour (respiratory distress). Slow respirations (maternal medications). Nasal flaring (respiratory distress). Grunting (respiratory distress syndrome).Gasping (respiratory depression). Periods of apnea more than 20 seconds or with change in heart rate or color (respiratory depression, sepsis, cold stress). Asymmetry or decreased chest expansion (pneumothorax). Intercostal, xiphoid, supraclavicular retractions or see-saw (paradoxical) respirations (respiratory distress). Moist, coarse breath sounds (crackles, rhonchi) (fluid in the lungs). Bowel sounds in chest (diaphragmatic hernia). | Mild variations require continued monitoring and usually clear early hours after birth. If persistent or more than mild, suction, give oxygen, call physician, and initiate more intensive care. Blood Pressure Varies with age, weight, activity, and gestational age. Average systolic 65-95 mm Hg, average diastolic 30-60 mm Hg. | Hypotension (hypovolemia, shock, sepsis). BP 20 mm Hg or higher in arms than legs (coarctation of the aorta). | Refer abnormal blood pressures. Prepare for intensive care and very low. | Measurements| Weight2500-4000 g (5 lbs. 8 oz. to 8 lbs. 13 oz. ). Weight loss up to 10% in early days. | High (low gestational age LGA, maternal diabetes). Low (small for gestational age SGA, preter m, multifetal pregnancy, medical conditions and mother that affected fetal growth).Weight loss above 10% (dehydration, feeding problems). | Determine causeMonitor for complications common to cause. | Length48-53 cm (19-21 inches)| Below normal (SGA, congenital dwarfism). Above normal (LGA, maternal diabetes). | Determine causeMonitor for complications common to cause. | Head Circumference32-38 cm (12. 5-15 inches). Head and neck are approximately ? of infants body surface. | Small (SGA, microcephaly, anencephaly-absence of large part of brain or skull). Large (LGA, hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure). | Determine causeMonitor for complications common to cause. | Chest Circumference30-36 cm (12-14 inches).Is 2 cm less than head circumference. | Large (LGA). Small (SGA). | Determine causeMonitor for complications common to cause. | Posture Flexed extremities move freely, resist extension, return quickly to flexed state. Hands usually clenched. Movements symmetric. Slight t remors on crying. Breech: extended, stiff legs. â€Å"Molds† body to caretaker’s body when held, responds by quieting when needs met. | Limp, flaccid, floppy, or rigid extremities (preterm, hypoxia, medications, CNS trauma). Hypertonic (neonatal abstinence syndrome, CNS injury). Jitteriness or tremors (low glucose for calcium level).Opisthotonos- extreme hyperextension of body, seizures, stiff when held (CNS injury). | Seek cause, refer abnormalities. | CryLusty, strong. | High-pitched (increased intracranial pressure). Week, absent, irritable, cat-like â€Å"mewing† (neurologic problems). Hoarse or crowing (laryngeal irritation). | Observe for changes in report abnormalities. | Skincolor pink or tan with acrocyanosis (cyanotic discoloration of extremities). Vernix caseosa in creases. Small amounts of lanugo (fine,soft downy hair) over shoulders, sides of face, forehead, upper back. Skin turgor good with quick recoil. Some cracking and peeling of skin.Normal var iations: Milia (tiny white bumps). Skin tags. Erythema toxicum (flea bite† rash). Puncture on scalp (from electrode). Mongolian spots. | Color: cyanosis of mouth and central areas (hypoxia). Facial bruising (nuchal cord). Pallor (anemia, hypoxia). Gray (hypoxia, hypotension). Red, sticky, transparent skin (very preterm). Greenish brown discoloration of skin, nails, cord (possible fetal compromise, postterm). Harlequin color (normal transient autonomic imbalance). Mottling (normal or cold stress, hypovolemia, sepsis). Jaundice (pathologic if first 24h). Yellow vernix (blood incompatibilities). Thick vernix (preterm).Delivery Marks: bruises on body (pressure), scalp (vacuum extractor), or face (cord around neck). Petechiae (pressure, low platelet count, infection). Forceps marks. Birthmarks: Mongolian spots. Nevus simplex (salmon patch,† stork bite†). Nevus flammeus (port-wine stain). Nevus vasculosus (strawberry hemangioma). Cafe au lait spots (6+) larger than 0. 5c m in size (neurofibromatosis). Other: excessive lanugo (preterm). Excessive peeling, cracking (postterm). Pustules or other rashes (infection). â€Å"Tenting† of skin (dehydration). | Differentiate patient bruising from cyanosis. Central cyanosis requires suction, oxygen and further treatment.Refer jaundice in first 24 hours or more extensive than expected for age. Watch for respiratory problems in infants with meconium staining. Look for signs and complications of preterm or postterm birth. Record location, size, shape, color, type of rashes and marks. Differentiate Mongolian spots from bruises. Check for facial movement with forceps marks. Watch for jaundice with bruising. Point out and explain normal skin variations to parents. | Head Sutures palpable with small separation between each. Anterior fontanel diamond shaped, 4-5 cm, soft and flat. Many bulge slightly with crying. Posterior fontanel triangular, 0. 5-1 cm.Hair silky and soft with individual hair strands. Normal v ariations: overriding sutures (molding). Caput succedaneum or cephalohematoma (pressure during birth). | Head large (hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure) or small (microcephaly). Widely separated sutures (hydrocephalus) or hard, ridged area at sutures (craniosynostosis- birth defect that causes one or more sutures on a baby's head to close earlier than normal). Anterior fontanel depressed (dehydration, molding), full or bulging at rest (increased intracranial pressure). Woolly, bunchy hair (preterm). Unusual hair growth (genetic abnormalities). | Seek cause of variations.Observe for signs of dehydration with depressed fontanel; increased intracranial pressure with bulging of fontanel and wide separation of sutures. Refer for treatment. Differentiate Caput succedaneum from cephalohematoma, and reassure parents of normal outcome. Observe for jaundice with cephalohematoma. | Ears Ears well-formed and complete. Area where upper ear meets head even with imaginary line drawn fr om outer canthus of eye. Startle response to loud noises. Alerts to high-pitched voices. | Low set ears (chromosomal disorders). Skin tags, pre-auricular sinuses, dimples (may be associated with kidney or other abnormalities).No response to sound (deafness). | Check voiding if ears abnormal Look for signs of chromosomal abnormality if position abnormal. Refer for evaluation if no response to sound. | FaceSymmetric and appearance and movement. Parts proportional and appropriately placed. | Asymmetry (pressure imposition in utero). Drooping of mouth or one side of face,† one-sided cry† (facial nerve injury). Abnormal appearance (chromosomal abnormalities). | Seek cause of variations. Check delivery history for possible cause of injury to facial nerve. | Eyes Symmetric. Eyes clear. Transient strabismus. Scant or absent tears.Pupils equal, react to light. Alerts to interesting sights. Doll’s eye sign- reflex movement of the eyes in the opposite direction to that which the head is moved, the eyes being lowered as the head is raised, and the reverse (Cantelli sign); an indication of functional integrity of the brainstem tegmental pathways and cranial nerves involved in eye movement. Red reflex present- reddish-orange reflection of light from the  eye's  retina. May have subconjunctival hemorrhage or edema of eyelids from pressure during birth. | Inflammation or drainage (chemical or infectious conjunctivitis). Constant tearing (plugged lacrimal duct).Unequal pupils. Failure to follow objects (blindness). White areas over pupils (cataracts). Setting sun sign- downward deviation of the eyes so that each iris appears to â€Å"set† beneath the lower lid, with white sclera exposed between it and the upper lid; indicative of increased intracranial pressure or irritation of the brain stem. (hydrocephalus). Yellow sclera (jaundice). Blue sclera (osteogenesis imperfecta- condition causing extremely fragile bones). | Clean and monitor any drainag e; seek cause. Reassure parents that subconjunctival hemorrhage and edema will clear. Refer other abnormalities. NoseBoth nostrils open to air flow. May have slight flattening from pressure during birth. | Blockage of one or both nasal passages (choanal atresia). Malformations (congenital conditions). Flaring, mucus (respiratory distress). | Observe for respiratory distress. Report malformations. | Mouth Mouth, gums, tongue pink. Tongue normal in size and movement. Lips and palate intact. Sucking pads. Sucking, rooting, swallowing, gag reflexes present. Normal variations: precocious teeth, Epstein’s pearls-Multiple small white epithelial inclusion cysts found in the midline of the palate in most newborns. Cyanosis (hypoxia). White patches on cheek or tongue (candidiasis). Protruding tongue (Down syndrome). Diminished movement of tongue, drooping mouth (facial nerve paralysis). Cleft lip, palate or both. Absent or weak reflexes (preterm, neurologic problem). Excessive drooling (tracheoesophageal atresia). | Oxygen for cyanosis. Expect loose teeth to be removed. Obtain order for antifungal medication for candidiasis. Check mother for vaginal or breast infection. Refer anomalies. | Feeding Good suck/swallow coordination. Retains feedings. | Poorly coordinated suck and swallow (prematurity).Duskiness or cyanosis during feeding (cardiac defects). Choking, gagging, excessive drooling (tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia). | Feed slowly. Stop frequently if difficulty occurs. Suction and stimulate if necessary. Refer infants with continued difficulty. | Neck/Clavicles Short neck turns head easily side to side. Infant raises head when prone. Clavicles intact. | Weakness, contractures, or ridgidity (muscle abnormalities). Webbing of neck, large fat pad at back of neck (chromosomal disorders). Crepitus, lump, or crying when clavicle or other bones palpated, diminished or absent arm movement (fractures). Fracture of clavicle more frequent in large infants with shoulder dystocia at birth. Immobilize arm. Look for other injuries. Refer abnormalities. | Chest Cylinder shape. Xiphoid process may be prominent. Symmetric. Nipples present and located properly. May have engorgement, white nipple discharge (maternal hormone withdrawal). | Asymmetry (diaphragmatic hernia, pneumothorax). Supernumerary nipples. Redness (infection). | Report abnormalities. | Abdomen Rounded, soft. Bowel sounds present within first hour after birth. Liver palpable 1-2cm below right costal margin. Skin intact. 3 vessels in cord. Clamp tight and cord drying.Meconium passed within 12-48hr. Urine generally passed within 12-24h. Normal variation: â€Å"Brick dust† staining of diaper (uric acid crystals). | Sunken abdomen (diaphragmatic hernia). Distended abdomen or loops of bowel visible (obstruction, infection, and large organs). Absent bowel sounds after first hour (paralytic ileus). Masses palpated (kidney tumors, distended bladder). Enlarged liver (infectio n, heart failure, hemolytic disease). Abdominal wall defects (umbilical or inguinal hernia, omphalocele, gastroschisis, exstrophy of bladder). Two vessels in cord (other anomalies). Bleeding (loose clamp). Redness, drainage from cord (infection).No passage of meconium (imperforate anus, obstruction). Lack of urinary output (kidney anomalies) or inadequate amounts (dehydration). | Refer abnormalities. Assess for other anomalies if only two vessels in cord. Tighten or replace loose cord clamp. If stool and urine output abnormal, look for missed recording, increase feedings, report. | Genitals| Female Labia majora dark, cover clitoris and labia minora. Small amount of white mucus vaginal discharge. Urinary meatus and vagina present. Normal variations: Vaginal bleeding (pseudomenstruation). Hymenal tags. | Clitoris and labia minora larger than labia majora (preterm).Large clitoris (ambiguous genitalia). Edematous labia (breech birth). | Check gestational age for immature genitalia. Refe r anomalies. | Male Testes within scrotal sac, rugae on scrotum, prepuce nonretractable. Meatus at tip of penis. | Testes in inguinal canal or abdomen (preterm, cryptorchidism). Lack of rugae on scrotum (preterm). Edema of scrotum (pressure in breech birth). Enlarged scrotal sac (hydrocele). Small penis, scrotum (preterm, ambiguous genitalia). Empty scrotal sac (cryptorchidism). Urinary meatus located on upper side of penis (epispadias), underside of penis (hypospadias, or perineum.Ventral curvature of the penis (chordee). | Check gestational age for immature genitalia. Refer anomalies. Explain to parents why no circumcision can be performed with abnormal placement of meatus. | Extremities| Upper and Lower ExtremitiesEqual and bilateral movement of extremities, Correct number and formation of fingers and toes. Nails to ends of digits or slightly beyond. Felxion, good muscle tone. | Crepitus, redness, lumps, swelling (fracture). Diminished or absent movement, especially during Moro r eflex (fracture, nerve injury, paralysis). Polydactyly (extra digits). Syndactyly (webbing) Fused or absent digits.Poor muscle tone (preterm, neurologic injury, hypoglycemia, and hypoxia). | Refer all anomalies, look for others. | Upper ExtremitiesTwo transverse palm creases. | Simian crease (normal or Down syndrome). Diminished movement (injury). Diminished movement of arm with extension and forearm prone (Erb-Duchenne paralysis). | Refer all anomalies, look for others. | Lower Extremities Legs equal in length, abduct equally, gluteal and thigh creases and knee height equal, no hip â€Å"clunk†. Normal position of feet. | Ortolani and Barlow tests abnormal, unequal leg length, unequal thigh or gluteal creases (developmental dysplasia of the hip).Malposition of feet (position in utero, talipes equinovarus). | Refer all anomalies, look for others. Check malpositioned feet to see if they can be gently manipulated back to normal position. | BackNo openings observed or felt in ve rtebral column. Anus patent. Sphincter tightly closed. | Failure of one or more vertebrae to close (spina bifida), with or without sac with spinal fluid and meninges (meningocele) or spinal fluid, meninges, and cord (myelomeningocele), enclosed. Tuft of hair over spina bifida occulta. Pilondial dimple or sinus. Imperforate anus. | Refer abnormalities.Observe for movement below level of defect. If sac, cover with sterile dressing wet with sterile saline. Protect from injury. | Reflexes See table 21-3. | Absent, asymmetric or weak reflexes. | Observe for signs of fractures, nerve injury, or injury to CNS. | TABLE 21-3 SUMMARY OF NEONATAL REFLEXES *MCH page 493| REFLEX| METHOD OF TESTING| EXPECTED RESPONSE| ABNORMAL RESPONSE/POSSIBLE CAUSE| TIME REFLEX DISAPPEARS| Babinski| Stroke lateral sole of foot from heel to across base of toes. | Toes flare with dorsiflexion of the big toe. | No response. Bilateral: CNS deficit. Unilateral; local nerve injury. 8-9 mos| Gallant (trunk incurvation )| With infant prone, lightly stroke along the side of the vertebral column. | Entire trunk flexes toward side stimulated. | No response: CNS deficit. | 4 mos| Grasp reflex (palmar and plantar)| Press finger against of infant’s fingers or toes. | Fingers curl tightly; toes curl forward. | Weak or absent: neurologic deficit or muscle injury. | Palmar grasp: 2-3 mos. Plantar grasp: 8-9 mos| Moro| Let infant’s head drop back approx. 30?. | Sharp extension and abduction of arms followed by flexion and adduction to â€Å"embrace† position. | Absent: CNS dysfunction.Assymetry: brachial plexus injury, paralysis, or fractured bone of extremity. Exaggerated: maternal drug use. | 5-6 mos| Rooting| Touch or stroke from side of mouth toward cheek. | Infant turns head to side touched. Difficult to illicit if infant is sleeping or just fed. | Weak or absent: prematurity, neurologic deficit, depression from maternal drug use. | 3-4 mos| Stepping| Hold infant so feet touch soli d surface. | Infant lifts alternate feet as if walking. | Asymmetry: fracture of extremity, neurologic deficit. | 3-4 mos| Sucking| Place nipple or gloved finger in mouth, rub against palate. | Infant begins to suck.May be weak if recently fed. | Weak or absent: prematurity, neurologic deficit, maternal drug use. | 1 yr| Swallowing| Place fluid on the back of the tongue. | Infant swallows fluid. Should be coordinated with sucking. | Coughing, gagging, choking, cyanosis: tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, neurologic deficit. | Present throughout life. | Tonic neck reflex| Gently turn head to one side while infant is supine. | Infant extends extremities on side to which head is turned, with flexion on opposite side. | Prolonged period in position: neurologic deficit. | May be weak at birth; disappears at 4 mos|

4 Special Techniques of Technical Writing Essay

The four special techniques are DEFINITION, DESCRIPTION OF MECHANISM, DESCRIPTION OF A PROCESS, and CLASSIFICATION. These techniques are not types of reports and it is important to remember that these techniques usually appear in a single report. It would be exceptional to find an entire report, even a short one, only one of these techniques. For example, two containing or more techniques might be closely interwoven as a writer described the design, construction, and operation of a mechanism. The intermingling of these techniques, however, does not alter the basic principles of their use. These techniques can be studied most effectively by taking one technique at a time. 1. Definition In technology, words have precise, specific meanings; therefore there is a need for defining a technical term clearly. The extent to which a term should be defined or the length of a definition depends on the writer’s purpose and the knowledge level of the reader. Before going to the problem of â€Å"how to define†, it is better to â€Å"think about what should be defined first.† It is not possible of course, to set up an absolute list of terms and ideas that would require definition, not even for a specific body of readers, but it is possible and desirable to clarify the point of view from which the problem of definition should be attacked. 2. Description of a Mechanism A mechanism is generally defined as any object or system that has a working part or parts. Most often the term suggests tools, instruments, and machines. But other examples of mechanisms could be the human body and systems like the universe or a city, which is composed of parts that work together like parts of a machine. A technical man constantly works with mechanisms and always needs to understand them; what they do, what they look like, what parts they have, and how these parts work together. There are three fundamental divisions of the description and these are the  introduction, the part-by-part description, and the conclusion. 3. Description of a Process A process is a series of actions, and fundamentally the description of a process is the description of action. The action may be either one of two types. One type is that in which attention is focused on the performance of a human being, or possibly a group of human beings. A simple example is filing a work piece by hand; in a description of this process, emphasis would fall naturally upon the human skills required. The other type involves action in which a human operator either is not directly concerned at all, or inconspicuous. An instance is the functioning of a contactor. 4. Classification Classification is the orderly, systematic arrangement of related things in accordance with a governing principle or basis. The classifier notes the structural and functional relationships among things that constitute a class. In recording this relationships, the classifier employs certain conventional terms. Acquaintance with these convenient terms will make the rest easy to follow. Differentiate Mechanism is generally defined as any object or system that has a working part or parts while the Process is a series of actions and fundamentally is the description of action. Mechanism also has three fundamental divisions of description namely the introduction, the part-by-part description, and the conclusion. Process in the other hand has two types of action. The first type is focused on the performance of the human being or possibly a group of human beings. The second type involves action in which a human operator either is not directly concerned at all, or inconspicuous. Example of Each Technique: Definition -An Electrician is a Technician -A technique is a systematic procedure used to accomplish a complex or scientific task. Description of Mechanism -The pendulum of the clock swings to the left. The pallet moves in the opposite direction to the right. The right leg of the pallet engage a tooth of the escape wheel. Description of a Process -A dropped of blood traced through the entire body takes the following course: the blood with oxygen from the lungs goes through the pulmonary veins to the left auricle, to the left ventricle, and then to the aorta or great artery. This artery and its branches carry the blood to all parts of the body. Classifications -According to fuel consumption, cars can be categorized into two types, hybrid cars and regular cars.

A Roman Revolution Essay Example for Free

A Roman Revolution Essay ? It was May 30, 1347.  Ã‚   The city was once at the center of the world, and varying nations vied to pay homage.  Ã‚   Since that time, however, its institutions, its buildings, and its very name seem to have been forgotten by time.  Ã‚   Local nobility compete for control while the rest of the populace starved, and banditry thrived.  Ã‚   The religious shrines and public buildings were dilapidated, and worn out from neglect.   From this one day, however, and from one such ruin, issued a declaration from a man who stirred hope in people’s breast.   Ã‚   Cola di Rienzo, who in the course of time would ambitiously set himself up as a virtual dictator in the city, at that moment declared the restitution of the Roman Republic, to the cheers of an excited throng.  Ã‚   The restless crowd seemed far disconnected from the reality of a Holy Roman Empire, independent Italian city-states, Norman and Spanish sovereignty in the south, or the hundred more kingdoms and treaties that kept Italy divided and the Republic from becoming reality, but no one cared.   A brief, tragic drama began to unfold, taking hold of the city and its dreamer alike.  Ã‚   For a few months, the Roman Republic seemed to breathe life and its Dictator Rienzo came close to uniting Italy.  Ã‚   The smaller city-states and principalities all sent their delegations and intentions to forming a loose federation with Rome.  Ã‚   And the Dictator put ambitious reforms and decrees, which championed the cause of the people.   His pride, however, got the better of him, and he soon alienated the senators and the Church.  Ã‚   The senators amassed armies against him, and the Pope called to the people to reject him.  Ã‚   Having lost all his allies, he fled the city, wandering Italy to find people to rally for his cause.   Ã‚  Dejected, beaten, his spirit finally broken, he surrendered to the Pope in Avignon, and was allowed to return to Rome where the people could not long stomach his disillusionment and killed him as a traitor[1].    This brief Roman Revolution was an early experiment of that age to attempt the reconstitution of an age that seemed lost in time.  Ã‚   The people of the Renaissance, from the artisan to the poet, was fascinated with ancient Greek traditions and culture and created works of art that mimicked Classic styles.  Ã‚   Ancient texts were gathered from the libraries where it was copied and preserved, and crude attempts at translation were made to introduce these historical artifacts to the world.  Ã‚   Most of the entire Renaissance was electrified at the thought of the old â€Å"heroic† Roman Republic, and the Caesars and Ciceros that once walked the Forum.    In due course, this paper would seek to identify the sources of the ideology behind the Italian Renaissance’s fascination with the ancient Greco-Roman, and how it seemed to suit their needs.  Ã‚   The paper will then explain the various attempts to reconstitute the past in the present, and how close they were in succeeding.    The thought of a restored Rome was not unique to Renaissance thought.  Ã‚   Even as the western portion of the empire collapsed under the pressure of barbarian migrations, the eastern emperor Justinian drafted ambitious plans of gaining back the lost lands of Gaul, Italy, Spain and Africa. This having failed, the Frankish kings, and later the German emperors, stylized themselves as Caesars that had legitimacy given to them by the authority of the Pope and the acquiescence of the eastern emperor.   Italian dreams of Rome, however, had political and cultural context.   They loathed the plain ugliness of Gothic and barbarian architecture, and largely preserved the Roman tradition and culture.   They lamented Italian as a bastardized form of Latin, and deplored Dante’s use of the former as the vernacular. Italian writers, at the beginning of the Renaissance, began to collect ancient texts from faraway libraries[2].  Ã‚   Petrarch, the Father of the Renaissance, was the first of the writers to amass Greek and Latin texts, and encouraged a fellow writer, Boccaccio, to pore into Greek research.   Unique also in the Renaissance, was the way the ancient texts were interpreted. In the medieval ages, the various ancient works of art were interpreted in Christian context.  Ã‚   Pagan ideals and traditions were explained with a Christian theme. Thus, a Hercules-like figure would be used to represent Christ.  Ã‚   The Renaissance began to separate the contemporary Christian thought from the ancient texts, and began to appreciate the latter in their historical context. They read into classical texts their appropriate classical meaning; they did not allegorize Latin writings as one to justify medieval Christian Europe, but in the context of ancient Rome[3].   The thought of a united Italy was sometimes reconciled with the restoration of the ancient Greco-Roman tradition.   Ã‚  Rienzo certainly thought of this when he donned the garb of the old senatorial toga and declared the return of the Roman Republic. Petrarch saw it when he asked King Charles IV of Bohemia to unite all of Italy [4] , and many might have seen it when the son Alexander VI, Cesare Borgia, began a long campaign to win back much of the lost cities of the Papal States.    For all the dreams and ideals of the Renaissance Italians, a Roman Republic could not be reconstituted from 14 th to 15 th century Europe.  Ã‚   The Holy Roman Empire, primarily, would not stand for a united Italy outside of their control or power, as they would, and have claimed, Italy as an integral part of the empire. Neither, however, can the Holy Roman emperors be able to unite Italy, as they become too embroiled in disputes with the Pope, who has nominal sway over the Italian city-states.  Ã‚   And the Popes, for all their universal spiritual authority, would not be able to wrest control of all of Italy from powerful independent Italian city-states, the Normans and the Spanish, the Germans and the French, and even the Greeks until their collapse in the latter half of the 15 th century.   The Italian Renaissance sought to reintroduce ancient Greco-Roman thought into the mainstream, envisioning a past that was nobly glorious.  Ã‚   Several hundred years brings distance and unreality to history, even when taken from historical context.   The Italian city-states of the Renaissance was freer in practice with its people than the ancient Roman Republic, which countless times brought down reformer tribunes, and curbed attempts to relieve the proletariat in keeping the wealthy in their state.  Ã‚   The ancient Roman Empire was less free as the centuries passed, and its economy was in nightmarish shambles, a thought that the Renaissance Italians might have shuddered at.   In the end, the Renaissance Italians might have fallen in the same way their medieval counterparts have: to see the ancient culture in their contemporary values.   Certainly the Renaissance wanted to detach itself from the â€Å"barbarism† and disunity, which seemed to plague Europe, but the reforms of a Rienzo would have shocked the ancient Roman aristocracy, and Byzantine intrigue would be far closer to Roman court morals than the Renaissance Italian sensibilities.   A final word must be said of the Renaissance dream: in the 16 th century, one man came closest to uniting Italy and much of Christendom under a loose â€Å"Roman empire†.  Ã‚   Politics and religion, in the end, got in the way, and Charles V of the Hapsburg dynasty and his successors would find himself humbled by an alliance of French, Turks, Protestants and even the Pope[5]. Durant, Will. The Renaissance . New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953. Durant, Will, Caesar and Christ . New York: Simon and Schuster, 1935. Rice, Eugene Jr., The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460-1559 . New York: W.W. Norton and Company,1971. Krailsheimer, A.J., The Continental Renaissance: 1500-1600 . Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1970. [1] Durant, Will, The Renaissance (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953) 16-21. [2] Durant, Will, The Renaissance (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953) 67-69. [3] Rice, Eugene Jr., The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460-1559 (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1970) 72-76. [4] Durant, Will, The Renaissance (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953) 46. [5] Krailsheimer, A.J.,   The Continental Renaissance: 1500-1600 (Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1971) 93-98. A Roman Revolution. (2017, Apr 01).

Global Warming in Florida Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Warming in Florida - Essay Example Today however, the global increase in temperature is destined to affect the natural as well as the physical activities in Florida. Evidence of the global warming is apparent in the gradual immersion of the beaches to the sea caused by temperature rise and thawing of glaciers increasing ocean waters. Change in the weather is another attribute of the global warming; recent times have seen devastating hurricanes sweeping across the state leaving behind enormous loss of property and destruction of vegetation (Southern Alliance for Cleaner Energy, 2007). The average rise in sea level globally has been estimated to be 6 inches in the 20th century. By 2100 the immersion of the beaches is expected to reach 15 inches. The global warming impacts in the Florida state are evidently seen in other areas of wildlife and tourism. The Florida has been stated as a ground zero in terms of the climatic change impacts in the United States of America this statement is based on the extents and effects of g lobal warming already experienced in Florida (NRDC, 2001). On the other hand skeptics do not believe that global warming is a serious problem at all, they are attributing theses changes to effects of evolution rather than those of human activities industrialization. Let us now look at the realities of the global warming and awareness to people. Alertness of Global warming to Floridians According to a research done by the Florida Wildlife Federation and National Wildlife Federation (2006) on March to April 2006 where a group of people were interviewed at the end of the research 63% were aware of the global warming and the its effects in Florida, 27% were unaware while 10% thought otherwise, the global warming in Florida is a fact with effects on the... The state of Florida is well known for its tourism attraction due to its excellent beaches, diverse native wildlife species, variety of fish and birds. However, the evidences of the global warming are also present in Florida today. Elaborate explanation of the causes and the overall results of the global warming in Florida are discussed in the essay. Nobody can now provide any argument to belittle the effects of the global warming in Florida based on what we have found out. With confirmation of the global warming it is up to the Floridians and everybody else to take a positive step now. According to scientists the threat of the global warming can be overcome by a 40 year 2% reduction in the greenhouse emissions. The governments together with the environmentalists and the individuals have a role to play in reduction of the global temperatures. Failure to take an action will seen the nature’s anger in form of adverse climatic effects on human being and wildlife alike. Cases of s uch have been seen in form of hurricanes in Florida, El.nino rains in various parts of the world and excessive droughts in Africa. Of course Florida’s attempts to reverse the global warming would be in vain without the cooperation of the other states and countries. The researcher hopes that International policies can help to reduce the global warming, such as the Kyoto protocol. Implementation of such policies should be underway to alleviate the occurrence and the magnitude of such disaster as has been experienced in the recent past across the world.

Problem Solution, A health issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem Solution, A health issue - Essay Example Scientists and physicians together with health organizations have published several articles addressing the issue. Furthermore, the majority of the people have a notion that women cannot have muscles due to lack of hormones associated with the same. Contrary to what majority think, women can have a well defined muscular body with proper training. In this case, proper training involves lifting weights and not just any weights but heavy weights. Having enough muscles ensures proper metabolism. Increasing the percentage of muscles in ones body increases the metabolism rate. Physicians refer to this as the basic metabolism rate (BMR). Defined and well-structured muscles increase the BMR thus ensuring that calories are burnt even when an individual is resting. The burning of the excess calories ensured fitness and desired body size and shape. The addition of exercise to the condition ensures that no matter the amount of calories consumed in a day, one does not add weight in an undesirable manner. One of the benefits of weightlifting can be seen at old age. At the age of 20s to 30s one does not see the need to exercise and concerns of old age stability is for the future. However, training as early as possible for women does not only lead to building of muscles but also improvement of bone density. The increase in bone density would ensure stronger bones and thus stability. Most reported cases of bone problems involve women at old age due to low bone density compared to men. Exercising by lifting weights can enable a woman be more stable at old age minimizing bone-related problems. Maintenance of good bone health involves regular training and lifting of weights that necessitates the need to lift weights and maintain fitness among women. The level of testosterone hormones among ladies is low compared to men. However, the low level of the hormone found in women varies from one woman to another. It is the hormone

Developing a Marketing Strategy for a Multinational Company Essay - 1

Developing a Marketing Strategy for a Multinational Company - Essay Example Branding ranges from the name of the products to the display of the product images. Branding will help make a mark for the product on the international market. Aspects of co branding also feature in the race to have the product appreciated on the market but these will involve the use of other brands too and alliances between companies to cater for product promotion. Co branding incorporates the existing brand advantage to the new product to create a driving force to market the product (Begemann, 2008). The fact that Lenovo has other brands performing well on the market simplifies the marketing approach and the expected efforts. The marketing strategy will involve advertising that would aim at producing specific adverts for different markets in different countries. Through these, the cultural aspects are easy to put into consideration. Customizing adverts creates an effect for the selected countries that seeks in deeper than the standardized approach. Marketing with regard to the different cultures available makes the product easily understood by the countries the product is destined. Advertising in the different countries also creates a close link and association of the different people easily with the product hence creating dominance in the market. One of the major countries that the product will feature in is Kenya. Kenya is a country in the East African Region that has the highest technological effort in the East and Central region of Africa. The market is very fertile with a high percentage of youths and the middle class that view this product fit for their social lives and work aspects. The country has a high respect for technological electronics having proved one of the most successful markets that have consumed other Lenovo products especially laptops. The population targeted of youths and middle class individuals provides a large

Is the Anglo-American special relationship an equal relationship Essay

Is the Anglo-American special relationship an equal relationship - Essay Example The term had its roots in the shared values, common language and historical experiences. The term provided that the two countries were to collaborate in the fight against a common enemy and pursue of common objectives together. The Anglo-American co-operation also discouraged the American manipulation of the British economic weakness. It also helped to manage the mismatch between Britain’s overseas capabilities and commitments. The Anglo-American treaty meant that US was to tolerate the British discriminatory practices such as support for British established overseas interest, the sterling Area and allow the British policy makers to abandon their unsustainable territories without US viewing Britain as a weak country (Dorey 2005, p.73). The aspiration of the Anglo-American relationship seemed unrealistic after the Second World War. This was because of the loan given to UK by US during the Second World War, severe differences over the Palestine question, the unbridled pursuit of international free trade by US, and betrayal in the nuclear research. The reaffirmation of the special relationship between the two countries enabled Britain to regain some of its lost influence in Washington. The relationship created opportunities to for UK to harness Americans powers. the British and US took a central role in the structuring of post war international order by creating institution such as the UN security council, the Bretton Wood system, the NATO and the GATT. The mutual economic interdependence strengthened the partnership between UK and US. For example, the sterling become the reserve currency for the Bretton woods system, America surpassed Australia as the British biggest export market in the year 1956. The Anglo-American economic relation was also crucial in the subordination of the multilateralism enforcement to the western world by US (Dorey 2005, p.74). The central agenda in the Anglo-American co-operation was the defense alliance, which involved the sharin g of military technology and intelligence. For example, the US Atomic Energy act restored the nuclear relationship curtailed by the McMahon Act. Britain also accessed the US key to controversial bases and facilities in the homeland and the Polaris submarine base (Dorey 2005, p.74). Britain also benefited a lot from the Anglo-American relationship during the cold war. America provided several economic relief and the Britain transferred unsustainable territories of Greece and turkey. This was important for the two nations as US was British greatest friend and it helped to maintain the impression of the Anglo-American solidarity. America was the power capable of supporting the British interest, and Britain’s international status relied on the American willingness to treat Britain as a partner in their relationship (Dorey 2005, p.74). The Anglo-American relationship played a crucial role in Britain’s international policy during the Second World War. During this period, Bri tain needed to win US sympathy and material aid so as to survive, especially after the fall of France in July 1940. After 1940, the propaganda about Britain’s ailing economy spread in North America. This made Britain seek financial aid from US president, Franklin Roosevelt in the form of a ‘lend’ lease programme to finance it war programmes (Addison

Nursing Practice Gap Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing Practice Gap Paper - Essay Example This is important in guaranteeing the quality of nursing practice. Linking theory to practice would also make it easy for nurses to carry out their work in a professional way. Identification of nursing practice area In modern nursing, more nurses and health organisations are finding it necessary to work with the society as a way of improving the way the health services are delivered to the patient. This involves working closely with the family of the patient in order to ensure that the patient is getting the right care. This practice is based on the fact that when a member of the family is sick, the whole family is affected, and the whole family must be taken care of to be able to restore the health of the individual as quickly as possible. Lack of theory Although many healthcare institutions are trying to apply this practice, there is very little theoretical support for the practice. This means that, there is no guidance on how nurses should be able to apply this practice. It also m eans that, there is no standard template, which can be applied to this practice and this in turn means that individual healthcare institutions will try to implement this in their own different way (Allmark, 1995). Lack of a theoretical framework has also meant that the application of this practice in nursing is also devoid of ways in which to measure the outcome of the practice. There is, therefore, a deep need to come up with a theoretical framework, which will be a guiding master-plan on how this should be carried out (Basford & Slevin, 2006). In applying this practice without a well researched and developed framework, there is a risk that this will be applied the wrong way, and this may affect the quality of the healthcare given to patients. Current theories Although there are no scientific theories, which can be used to elucidate this practice, the science of unitary human beings theory as developed by Martha E. Rogers is one of the theories, which can be used to understand this area of practice. The Science of unitary human beings theory looks at the human body as a unit of energy, which relates with the rest of the universe, including living and non living things. This by extension can be used to explain how patients relate to their family members during the recovery period. Science of unitary human beings theoretical framework is a grand theory, which covers a lot of mini-theories about nursing. The importance of this is the fact that it focuses on the individual and how the individual relates with the world around them. Rationale for theory for this practice There is a need to develop a theory which will guide on this nursing practice. This is due to a number of important reasons. To begin with, as discussed in the introduction, practice without theory is blind. It is necessary to develop a theoretical framework, which will be a guiding motif for nurses to implement the practice. Developing a theoretical framework will aid nursing processionals to know how to practice this and how to get the best results from using the practice in nursing (Scully, 2011). Measurability through laid out expectations of the practice will also be achieved through the development of a theoretical framework. One of the fundamental uses of theory in nursing is to be able to

Water Weapons Officer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Water Weapons Officer - Assignment Example From this discussion it is clear that the Fundamentals of Canadian Defence Ethics presented the types of ethical dilemma in three general categories: the uncertainty dilemma which is of general nature but where no clear indication of right and wrong could be simply inferred; competing obligations dilemma, as the term indicates, the number of courses of action and decision complicate the selection since most are consistent with differing ethical values and obligations; and harm dilemma is a difficult ethical situation where a course of action or decision would result to injury or harm.This essay declares that  using the original scenario that needs to determine one’s decision in the capacity of an AWWO, the individual factors that could influence one’s decision lies into the following: â€Å"ego strength, field dependence and locus of control, are suggested to influence the likelihood of a person to act on the cognitions regarding what is ethical or unethical†.à ‚  Individuals who are high on ego strength are said to resist impulses and follow their intuitions regarding what is right or wrong they are more likely to act on what they think is right or wrong – than those who are low on this measure. Individuals deemed to be field dependent are those who more typically refer to the guidance of others in determining what is right or wrong.  The opposite of this, field independent, includes individuals who function with more autonomy than their counterparts.... To response to the question on moral grounds, one can use the readings from Lesson 11 stipulating that although â€Å"loyalty is a functional military necessity, which also implies the need for obedience... (where) most orders do not require blind obedience or instantaneous obedience... (and where) loyalty should be broadly based on personal integrity and trust† (PSE 402: Lesson 11, 2010, p. 4). Further, as emphasized in the same discourse, â€Å"although immediate obligation is to the chain of command, the highest obligation is to humanity at large† (PSE 402: Lesson 11, 2010, p. 6). In addition, another relevant point presented under Lesson 11 is Huntington’s discussion of justifying obedience versus disobedience, to wit: â€Å"Huntington is only referring to lawful orders. He does not imply that a subordinate is obligated to obey a clearly unlawful order† (PSE 402: Lesson 11, 201, p. 8). With the foregoing supporting statements, as AWWO, one should clear ly disobey the Captain’s order (presuming scenario 2 that the Captain deliberately intends to report inaccurate results) due to unlawful order, which is contrary to moral grounds and disregards professionalism in terms of integrity and the obligation to uphold the highest standards of the military profession for the sake of humanity. When one decides to obey the order, which in the first place was unlawful, it would be a precursor for future orders that could be given and expected to be followed despite of being based on lies and immoral grounds. One should remain steadfast in adhereing to the values of truth, integrity, and honor above loyalty to unworthy and compromising cause. 2. Using the Statement of Defence Ethics in the Fundamentals of Canadian Defence Ethics (2002), identify ethical

The Hecksher Ohlin Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Hecksher Ohlin Theory - Essay Example The Hecksher - Ohlin model developed by Eli Hecksher and Bertil Ohlin in the 1920s, explores the possibility of two nations operating at the same level of efficiency, benefiting by trading with each other. The H-O model incorporates a number of realistic characteristics of production that are left out of the simple Ricardo's model. Recall that in the simple Ricardo's model only one factor of production, labor, is needed to produce goods and services (Krugman, 1997). The productivity of labor is assumed to vary across countries, which implies a difference in technology between nations. It was the difference in technology that motivated advantageous international trade in the model (Suranovic, 2003). According to the Hecksher-Ohlin Theory, capital refers to the physical machines and equipment that is used in production. Thus, machine tools, conveyers, trucks, forklifts, computers, office buildings, office supplies, and much more, is considered capital. All productive capital must be owned by someone. In a capitalist economy most of the physical capital is owned by individuals and businesses. In a socialist economy productive capital would be owned by the government. ... This model makes the following assumptions: 1. There are no obstructions to trade i.e. no trade controls, transport costs etc. 2. Both commodity and factor markets are perfectively competitive. 3. There are constant returns to scale. 4. Both the countries have the same technology and hence operate at the same level of efficiency. 5. There are two factors of production - labor and capital. Both are perfectly immobile in inter-country transfers, but perfectly mobile in inter-sector transfers. According to this theory, there are two types of products - labor intensive and capital intensive. Two countries operating at the same level of efficiency can, and do, benefit from trade due to the differences in their factor endowments. The labor-rich country is likely to produce labor-intensive goods, while the country rich in capital is likely to produce capital-intensive goods. The two countries will then trade I these goods and reap the benefits of international trade. The Hecksher-Ohlin model has also got some drawbacks. First and foremost, it assumes that factor endowments remain constant but they can be developed through innovation (Jain, 2000). Second, with many countries imposing minimum wage laws, factor prices may change to an extent, that a labor-rich country may find it cheaper to import labor-intensive goods than to produce them locally. An economist named Wassily Leontief has pointed out that, the exports of United States were more labor-intensive than capital-intensive despite that fact that the United States is a capital-rich country. It is worth emphasizing here a fundamental distinction between the Hecksher-Ohlin model and the Ricardian model. Whereas the Ricardian model assumes that production technologies differ

Choosing a College Course Essay Example for Free

Choosing a College Course Essay Introduction Many students find it difficult in choosing what course to take in college. For seniors or graduating high school students, the pressure goes higher as the end of their term is coming because the time is running and decreasing for deciding what course they will take. Choosing a course is really a hard decision to make. Your future depends on it and the decision you will make would determine what life you will have in the future. This is the first step in your life as an independent person and this is the first step for your success. You should be careful in choosing a course because when you have started on it there is no way getting back. You can shift to another course but a lot of thing will be wasted: your effort, money and time. So from the start you should pick the right one and you should make up your mind that this is the course for you and this will lead you to success. Many would say that they haven’t chosen yet or they were not sure about the course they want to pursue. Some might have chosen before and decided what to take but in the end they want to change it because they weren’t sure or still confused. And the wide range of choices of college courses made it more difficult to choose. But you are not really â€Å"clueless† in choosing what course to take, there are some factors you would consider and this might help you pick the suitable and best course for you. Your Personal Interests The most basic consideration in the choice of a college major or college course is, of course, what you want. Is there something that you’ve always wanted to get into, something that resonates within the very fiber of your being? If so, that may be where you’re meant to go. The more interested you are in a subject, the more likely you are to study it and achieve a strong result. This is particularly important at college when you are responsible for your own study. List the fields of study that interest you, and come up with a list of courses you would consider studying based on these interests. Add the topics that you were most interested in during school as well as jobs that you envied others for. At some point, many students try to fit in a course or two based purely on personal interest. While their majors may reflect their primary interest, most people are interested in more than one intellectual pursuit, so a biology major who has a passion for movies might take a film course. This is not necessarily what are you good at, but what do you love doing? You might be great at math, but you spend your weekends fixing up bits of old computers. So don’t study math, focus on IT or computer engineering instead. Specialize in your passion. Cost Of Study Affordability is another aspect you need to consider while deciding on your course, as well as the additional costs that occur, such as text books, field trips etc. However, do not let cost hamper your career choice, as there are a number of financial assistance options available to complete the course. College tuitions soar each year, advancing far in excess of the inflation rate. The overall inflation rate since 1986 increased 115.06%, which is why we pay more than double for everything we buy. On the other hand, during the same time, tuition increased a whopping 498.31%. See chart below Many schools have increased tuition fees due to higher overhead costs. Fuel and labor costs continue to rise. Many older college buildings are in need of renovation or replacement. The demand for expanded libraries and new research and computer labs is at an all-time high. Some schools also need additional security measures. But Dont Let College Costs Scare You! These costs may seem overwhelming, but there are ways to keep expenses down. Remember that college educations come at all levels of cost, and that financial aid can reduce that cost. If a school is a great fit for you but seems too expensive, it makes sense to apply and then see whether your financial aid offer will bring the cost down. Dont give up on a college because of its sticker price. Financial Aids Grants and scholarships are the most desirable types of funding you can receive to pay for your college education, since they don’t need to be repaid. While any amount of free money will be competitive, especially in a tough economic climate, the sooner and more often you apply the more luck you’ll have. The list of reasons why a scholarship may be given to a particular student is quite long, although some of the more popular awards are given to students who achieve academically, are athletically gifted, choose to enroll in a particular program of study, are part of a certain kind of organization, or choose to enroll in the military and still further their education. A scholarship might cover the entire cost of your tuition, or it might be a one-time award of some cash. Either way, it’s worth applying for, because it’ll help reduce the cost of your education. Career opportunities Look at the career prospects of the course before selecting one. Consider various factors such as income, job security, stress, responsibility and other benefits while researching a profession. Not all courses are created equal. Yes, they all offer a diploma upon completion, but they dont guarantee a job. When you are choosing a major, it would be wise to check out the job placement statistics of others who have pursued this degree. There is no reason why you should be the guinea pig; if a specific career is your reason for choosing this major, investigate the success of others. If you want to avoid a data entry position, check out all of the opportunities available and your chance at landing one of those positions after graduation. Commitment, Time and Practical Considerations Choosing a college course requires you to look inwards and assess your commitment to your chosen path. Assuming that you have the issue of money and other practical considerations settled, do you actually possess the skills and the patience to go the distance? Moreover, do you actually want to do so? There’s also a chance that your parents may be expecting you to tread a certain academic path; will you have the strength and the will to stick it out against all odds? You should also be aware of what you’re getting into when choosing a college major. What will your college course require you to do? Are you willing to do it? As a case in point, if you’re squeamish about the sight of blood, why should you decide to go for a Nursing Degree? To be certain that you will be committed to your studies, find out the duration of your course. Taking double-degrees, full time or part-time depends on your personal choice. Ensure that you will be able to balance your other priorities along with education. Study flexibility varies amongst universities. Demand If your goal is to be employed immediately after graduation, base your choice not on popular courses, but on employable courses, or courses that are the most in-demand in the job market. Job seeking is becoming an increasingly competitive sport these days. With thousands of students graduating each year and limited number of job opportunities available to them, plenty of job seekers end up resorting to options they wouldn’t had to choose if they had other alternatives. These days, there is no time to get into a career and then decide if it is the right one for you. You should know right from the beginning what is right for you and what career you can excel in. Thanks to the very competitive nature of the employment sector, getting the right job or choosing the right career is not as easy as it once used to be. Everyone is looking for help in deciding what career should be chosen. Obviously, in todays competitive world, everyone wants a job or career that has high pay, job stability, and great future prospects. However, owing to the bad effects of the recently experienced economic recession, a majority of people are looking forward to changing careers. The careers that are being sought after are top jobs in demand for the future, which are mostly from the medical field. The main reason why medical jobs are and will be in demand is because they do not have any impact of the financial crisis arising in the economy. So if you want to secure a job in the future, pick a course that is in demand after you graduate. Conclusion Even you have known some things that you might consider in choosing a course, the choice is still yours and the one who will decide is no other but you. Choose on what you think is the best for you and what you think that will give you success. But remember that even you have chosen a course that is qualified for all the factors listed and will give great results, it not ends in there. The most important thing is in everything you do always give your best shot. Work hard for everything you want to achieve and accomplish. Don’t quit and never give up. And most of all ask God for help and guidance in everything you do. Pray for it. God has the best plan for you. When you do all these things, I’m sure that whatever course you will take, you will be successful and you will have a wonderful future.

RoseColored Glasses and The Glass Menagerie Essay Example for Free

RoseColored Glasses and The Glass Menagerie Essay The Glass Menagerie is about a dysfunctional family that consists of a mother, and her two adult children, Tom and Laura. All of them dream to seek comfort and to escape reality because none of them enjoys the life they lead. Similarly, in Rose-Colored Glasses, the narrator of the poem is inclined to dream rather than to face reality because she has not overcome the transition from one big happy family to getting kicked out of her old home and having divorced parents. These two families are reflections of each other because in both families, the characters rely on dreaming to overcome not only the fathers abandoning the family, but also to escape the financial and emotional despair in their livesboth of which are direct impacts from the fathers absence. Faced with disappointment because the fathers desert the family, the characters In Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie and Elizabeth Alexanders Rose-Colored Glasses, withdraw into their distinct worlds to escape the expectations that reality demands. Disappointment is a theme in both the story and the play and with similar impacts on the family. The first time the characters face disappointment is when the fathers leave the familyone through divorce, the other fell in love with long distances. The first impact is emotional despair for both families. In the Wingfield family, Amanda openly expresses her remorse and regret for marrying the absent father. Tom is emotionally distraught because he has to fill his fathers shoes in providing for the family when all he wants to do is to leave and become a sailor. The narrator in Rose-Colored Glasses experiences sadness because her family is broken apart. Besides emotional despair, both families are faced with financial problems. The narrator is kicked out of her apartment which is even more beautiful then it was then, and perfect. This shows how much she wants it back and how sad she must have been when she moved. As for the Wingfields, Tom makes so little money that he has to sacrifice the money for the light bill in order to pay for membership in the Merchant Marines. Laura is deeply disappointed when Jim tells her he is engaged that she may never have renewed hope for anyone again. Disappointment is a theme that partly drives the characters to retreat more so into their illusional worlds in order to escape emotional hurt and financial problems in the real world. The illusional worlds that the characters imagine themselves to be in are sometimes caused by the theme, expectations. Amanda expects Laura to be just like her and actually dreams Laura can be if she just develops vivacity and charm. Amanda fantasizes that these traits can easily be developed if one wills it. However, this is not an easy task for Laura because she is extremely shy. Although Laura is never expecting any gentlemen caller, Amanda never stops telling her to stay fresh and pretty because its almost time for our gentlemen callers to start arriving! 10 From this, we can tell that Amanda expects too much that in her mind, it becomes believable. In another scene, Amanda expects Tom to find Laura a husband in order to secure her future. Amanda so strongly expects Jim to be Lauras future husband that she actually begins to believe it. She ends up over preparing the house and over dressing Laura. She later accuses Tom of playing a joke on her when in fact, she never minded to ask him about it. Laura, on the other hand expects something to come out of her and Jims meeting because he kissed her. She sits dazed after he kisses her, possibilly imagining that he likes her when in fact, this is a false illusion created by her expectation. The narrator in Rose-Colored Glasses however, does not expect, but is expected from her mother to act grown up. When contrasting the time when she would Played checkers with a dolly being enough to be your sister and there was no desperation where one day [she] would cut off [her] tow long braids to now, she is obviously desperate to grow up because she is expected to be. during the years before the divorce she was still a child however the family breaks apart, she walks the passage to overcoming the impact of the divorce and during the process, matured. She feels obliged to deal with the divorce maturely, but at the same time does not want to stop being a child alotgehter, and so she retreats into her own illusional world where she can do whatever she wants. In order to escape disappointment and expectations in life, escapism is a theme in both Rose-Colored Glasses and The Glass Menagerie. Characters from both texts escape in one way or another in order to avoid confrontation with the harshness of reality. Tom goes to the movies to escape the mundane life he leads. Laura indulges in her glass menagerie and music to avoid her mothers expectations of her to socialize. Laura actually wants to be a part  of her glass menagerie and imagines herself to be. In fact, Lauras separation [from reality] increases till she is like a piece of her own glass collection. ixx Amanda and the narrator nostalgically reminisces their pasts as a way to escape. The narrator relives the past in her mind when there was no divorce and where you swung on a trapeze in the dining room archway and Plinked-plinked on the piano and Your little dogs nails scritch-scratching the hardwood floors when he heard you walking from the elevator. The narrator seeks comfort by immersing herself in her past, or perhaps she feels control over her life when she recalls these memories. Similarly, Amandas memories not only let her cling to another time, but also offer her escape from the blow to her self image when her husband deserted her. It is hard for any reasonable reader to believe that Amanda had 17 gentlemen callers in one day. She retreats so far into her world of illusions that this illusion becomes almost too real for her. She wears her yellow dress, believing that she can be just as youthful and vivacious as she was years ago when in fact, the dress is clearly out of place and time, and elicits surprise from both Jim and Tom. In both the novel and play, the theme disappointment leads the narrator in Elizabeth Alexanders Rose Colored-Glasses and Amanda, Tom and Laura in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie to similar problemsthat is Amanda, Tom and Laura and the narrator become emotionally detached from the real world as they are left to cope with the disappointment that the fathers instill in them. Furthermore, the father leaves all his problems behind for the rest of the family which means every member of the family must fill new expectations in place of the father. Tom is expected to provide for the family, Amanda to care for her two children, Laura to get married so that she does not need to depend on Tom, and the narrator is expected to handle the divorce maturely. All of these expectations are against the wishes of the person expected to initiate them. Tom would rather become a sailor, Amanda to become youthful and to be given the chance to choose a new husband, Laura to become part of her glass menagerie world, and the narrator to live her childhood. All these expectations make reality hard to face and so the characters escape into worlds dreamt in their minds. Amanda and the narrator dream their old times, Tom dreams his sailing prospects, and Laura  dreams to be part of her glass menagerie world. Disappointment, expectation, and escapism are all central themes to both plays in order to convey the major theme that although the human need to dream may give one escape for a brief period of time, retreating too deeply into the dream can be harmful because you do not see reality as it is.

Ethical Issues Working with Youth

Ethical Issues Working with Youth To what extent can researchers plan for ethical issues when working with children and young people? People often think of ethics or morals, as a rule for distinguishing between what is right and wrong. Something that springs to mind, is the saying; Do unto others as you would have them do unto you or the religious creed of the Ten Commandments, Thou Shalt not kill. This is a common way of defining ethics and the norms for conduct that distinguish between unacceptable and acceptable behaviour. Most people learn ethical norms within the home, at school or in other educational settings. Majority of people acquire their sense of right and wrong during their childhood as moral development occurs throughout life. Simply because as human beings, we pass through different stages of growth as we mature. Ethical norms can be classed as ubiquitous, simply because one might be tempted to regard them as simple commonsense. A plausible explanation of these disagreements is that as humans, we can recognise some common ethical norms, but majority of individuals may apply and interpret these norms in different ways in respect of their own life experiences and own values. Our society has legal rules that govern behaviour, but ethical norms can be broader and more informal than laws. However, most societies use laws to enforce moral standards and ethical and legal rules use similar concepts, it is however crucial to point out that law and ethics are not the same. For example, an action could be classed as legal, but illegal or unethical, but ethical. Society also uses ethical concepts and principles to interpret laws, evaluate and criticise. Within the last century, citizens were urged to disobey laws in order to protest what they classed as unjust laws that were immoral. Within research with children and young people there are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms. Firstly, it promotes the aims of research and examples include, truth, avoidance and knowledge such as misrepresenting research data promote the truth, prohibitions against fabricating, falsifying and avoid error. Second, is that research often involves a great deal of cooperation and coordination amongst different people in different institutions and disciplines. Ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, which include fairness, trust, accountability and mutual respect. For example, many ethical norms in research, such as guidelines for authorship, data protection policies, and confidentiality rules are designed to protect intellectual property interests, but still encouraging collaboration amongst the institutions. Therefore, researchers want to receive credit for their work and contributions to be disclosed prematurely and do not want to have their ideas stolen. Third and the main standard is that many of the ethical norms help to ensure that researchers can be held accountable to the public. Many of the norms with research are that it promotes a variety of other important moral and social values, for example social responsibility, human rights, compliance with the law, and health and safety. Critically, ethical lapses in research can significantly harm humans, students and the public. A researcher who may fabricate data in a clinical trial could harm patients and a researcher who fails to abide by regulations and guidelines, as set out in the ethical standards, could jeopardise his health and safety or the health and safety of staff and students in relation to radiation or biological safety. Consequently, ethics are often a matter of trying to find a balance between opposite extremes. Ethical research with children has changed significantly in the past 30 years and modern standards of research ethic may considerably depend on modern transparent research methods and a respectful relationship between children and researchers. During the 1947s lawyers stressed the dangers of research and insisted that willing consent should be obtained, although it was presumed that children were too young to give consent and consequently banned from participating from research. Traditionally, children were not allowed to consent for themselves for medical Children traditionally were not allowed to consent for themselves in terms of medical procedures and even for the simplest procedures. Today, there are three approved models of consent for children. First, children who are classed as competent, which are sometimes called minors may provide consent on their own. Second, children may provide an assent with parental consent and third, some children, due to their developmental stage or age cannot provide consent until parental consent is sought. Critically, this can raise serious ongoing challenges and some of the difficulties can arise from assessing competence, best interests as well as, motivations. As well as dealing with conflict between children, parents and or with children and youth, many of which may be living on the street or in a crisis situation, to name just a few examples. Children are traditionally considered more vulnerable than adults and this is because of their lack of competence to take part in making decisions. This could be especially around complex issues, such as health care and inclusion, in research. This vulnerability means that parents/ guardians, educators and health care professionals must be trusted to act in their best interests and make decisions for them. Moreover, this vulnerability has often meant that some children are simply excluded from research which is often in short-sighted attempts to protect them from harm. Consequently, this has resulted in excluding children from research and in research, failed to learn about children and to develop better and new ways to treat, approach and protect them. Alderson (2004) states that Ethicists teach the rules for ethical research are based on three main ways of thinking about what is good research: the principles of doing good research because it is right and correct thing to do. Rights based research involves respect and childrens rights, such as providing for basic needs for example, healthcare and education. Protection from child abuse and discrimination and participation is vital during ethical research in having their own views listened to and respected by adults. This is based on good research, rather then relying wholly on adult principles and values. The best outcomes based ethics basically means, working out how to avoid or reduce harm and costs. Researchers may produce very misleading results that are produced in policies that could damage childrens lives. Researchers may upset children by worrying them by making false promises or betray them. Critically, moral questions about power, honesty and respecting people can arise throughout the research process. Although a problem, often seldom mentioned by ethicists, is a risk on published research reports that increase stigma and disadvantage children and young adults. However, these reports can help researchers address such risks and problems and learn how to deal with them. An actual research that wasnt properly planned and a particular ethical issue uncovered was when, as stated by Dennis, 2009 A Japanese graduate student, was translating at a parent/teacher conference and the teacher asked her to pass along comments to the parents that Hanakos thought were rude. She did not want to do it. She intervened covertly because she did not pass along the comments as they had been expressed by the teacher, but she pretended to do so. She tried to make the point the teacher was making, but in a much more polite, positive, and from Hanakos perspective, acceptable way. Critically, this issue would have failed to demonstrate the teachers irritation and pose an ethical risk, as this interpersonal intervention was not inclusive. It could pose a potential harm, as it failed to promote moral and social values and follow ethical standards that promote the values that are crucial to collaborative work, such as mutual respect and trust, especially when working with child ren and young people. Another actual research that the researcher planned well for ethical issues was that off, Naz Rassool. Rassool (2004) was interested in working with a group of 14 and 15 year olds that raised several ethical and practical issues. Rassool felt that the pupils should not be exploited emotionally due to the nature of the work as the pupils were in a critical phase of their development. The research had to be very sensitive through its investigations of identity formation. Therefore, the ethical issues were paramount and persisted throughout the research. Rassool found the most effective way to address the theoretical research question to the pupils, incorporating the concepts of religion, knowledgeability, social change and individual reflexivity, all provided Rassool the theoretical framework. To generate a common understanding of the purpose of the research, Rossool conducted a seminar with staff involved, which addressed the aims of the research, ethical issues and the purpose of the activities. Other ethical issues, revolved in receiving parental consent and whether this as absolutely necessary, if the activities formed a part of the teaching programme. However, since the ultimate aim is to answer research questions it is crucial that all ethical issues are applied throughout. Critically, however when working with children and young people, it is normal protocol to seek parental consent, especially when conducting research. Rossools research promoted the aims of research; followed ethical standards and promote the values, which are essential for collaborative work, such as mutual respect, trust and fairness. It promoted moral and social values. Research heavily relies on the public to take part in the research and if this cooperation is to continue, then researchers have to keep high ethical standards. Alderson (2004) states public anxiety about the removal of childrens organs without consent, partly for research shows how research ethics, consent and rights may change, especially when children are involved. Similar changes may occur in social research and therefore, it is crucial to gain foresight about social research from the hindsight of medical research. Critically many medical journals refuse to publish these reports that may not have the backing of ethical committee approval and therefore, researchers need to keep abreast of the ethical standards. Gaining ethics committee approval can take time and can protect people who take part in the research and protect them from litigation and criticism. The extent researchers can plan for ethical issue is by involving children and young people and should only be conducted when the research question posed is crucial to the well-being and health of children. Ethics help researchers to be more aware of hidden problems, but do not always provide the right and easy answers. However, a research procedure which is not intended directly to benefit the child subject is not necessarily either unethical or illegal. Such research includes observing and measuring normal development and the use of healthy volunteers in controlled experiments. The participation of children is indispensable and this is because the information available from research on other individuals cannot answer the question posed in relation to the children. Therefore, the study method is appropriate for children and the circumstances in which the research is conducted, provides for the emotional, physical, emotional and safety of the child. The challenges relating to ethical and consent issues involving children and young people in research are numerous and require careful consideration and yet are not insurmountable. Critically, as a priority, researchers must engage with the legal, moral and ethical imperatives offered by UNICEF. As Alderson quoted, that Rights based research involves respect and childrens rights and as part of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in particular. The researcher needs to give diligence to Article 12, and the article due and diligent consideration in its entirety, by respecting the views of the child. Researchers must not only commit to inclusive practices, but also maintain assiduousness in ensuring that children and young people are respected participants in the research process, from selection of methodologies to the dissemination and reporting of results. With these guidelines in mind, children should be offered opportunities to genuinely participate in research. When adults are making decisions that affect children, children have the right to say what they think should happen and have their opinions taken into account. Ethical considerations are paramount in childrens research and management of these considerations can be very influential on the research that is ultimately completed with children and young people. The major issues discussed include, protection and safety versus participation, the role of ethics committees and the impact of consent processes. In summary, negotiating ethics approval and access to children and young people remains a major challenge. More attention needs to be given to facilitating information and understanding participatory research across all groups involved to minimise culture clashes and increase the understanding of the nature of participatory research. As Dennis, 2009 quotes There is one ethical principle that worked differently: all peoples voices should be included in decision making thus those who oppose egalitarianism should not be allowed to make decisions that limit the inclusion of others voices. In this case, there is no way to achieve egalitarian inclusivity with people who would limit the egalitarian and inclusive treatment of others. Thus, the two aspects of this ethical principle do not contradict each other and do not need to be criticised on these grounds. The extent researchers can plan for ethical issue is by ensuring the adoption of methods which are respectful to the children and is also crucial that researchers take ethics seriously. This may mean researchers moving away from traditions that in the past may have considered children as unthinking human beings. Instead, it places the emphasis on respecting children as dynamic people, which makes this method more realistic and productive. This is consequently classed as ethical, as most ethics encourage research methods with children participants. Word Count: /2,500

The Fellowship Of The Rings :: essays research papers

The Fellowship Of The Rings BOOK I J.R.R Tolkien As the story begins we find the lovable Bilbo Baggins having his going away birthday party. He would leave his precious magic ring behind him and leave for Alderaun. 17 years would pass and the ring remains under the safe- keep of Bilbo's nephew, Frodo Baggins. Gandalf Stormcrow has returned and has need of one from the shire. The both discuss the workings and the history of the ring. And conclude that one thing must be done. Frodo and his party must journey to the land of Mordor, where the shadows lie. And destroy the ring by which the very fires from which it was once forged. And so the quest begins, steered by Gandalf and Frodo's party of Sam, Mary, and Pippin. Together they travel the winding roads and through a great blizzard until nightfall. Where warmth and comfort are found in a local tavern. The Hobbits were well to entertain and were taken notice by a man, a warrior by the name of Strider. He took aim on their quest and was reluctant to aid in their cause. Gandalf had departed them to seek the wisdom of another wizard. With Strider and the remaining party they traveled the broad expanse if terrain. Where they would befriend new adventurers along the way. Many a time would they be tempted to misuse the ring. But Frodo's will held strong. Up unto the climax of events, when the ring raids came to take what once belonged to them. In a moment of weakness, Frodo placed the ring on his finger. He vanished from his party's sight. "Take the ring off Frodo!", they yelled. But he was frozen in his steps. Determind to get it they approached him. In a brave attempt to protect the ring, Frodo ran up to them, held the sting high in the air, attempting to strike one of them. But he failed. And instead he took a wound in his side. He then somehow managed to mount back on his horse and ride away across a shallow stream. All that separated them now was the stream. "The ring, the ring..", carried through the crowd of riders. Frodo was weary, he shouted out, "By all the Shire you will have neither I nor the ring! Go back to the

Negative Effects of Global Warming Essay -- Environment greenhouse gas

Global Warming Global warming is causing a negative effect on the whole planet and we all need to do something to stop it. The climate is changing frequently and is making the planet hotter in some parts and in other parts it's making it colder. There are two factors affecting global warming. The first types of factors are natural factors like changes in the solar output, changes in the earth's orbit, the green house effect and aerosols. The change in the solar output is the amount of energy radiating from the earth?s sun is not constant. The change of orbit of our planet affects where the sun?s energy is received on earth. Thus affecting the amount of energy that is reflected and absorbed on earth. The aerosols help shield us from the effects of global warming and that?s why it is sometimes referred as a global sunscreen. The aerosols cool earth by reflecting sunlight. With fewer aerosols, the effects of global warming will be felt more. The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperatur e that the earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere like water vapo...

The Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong Essay -- Literary Analysis, OBrie

â€Å"And then one morning, all alone, Mary Anne walked off into the mountains and did not come back† (110). Tim O’Brien’s short story â€Å"The Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong† presents an all-American girl who has been held back by social and behavioral norms – grasping for an identity she has been deprived the ability to develop. The water of the Song Tra Bong removes Mary Anne’s former notion of being as she, â€Å"stopped for a swim† (92). With her roles being erased Mary Anne becomes obsessed with the land and mystery of Vietnam and is allowed to discover herself. Through the lenses of Mark Fossie and the men in the Alpha Company, Mary Anne becomes an animal and is completely unrecognizable by the end of the story. Mary Anne, however, states she is happy and self-aware. The men of the Alpha Company argue for virtue in that Mary Anne was â€Å"gone† (107) and that what she was becoming â€Å"was dangerous†¦ ready for the kill† (112). They did not want to accept a woman becoming something different from what women always were. In â€Å"How Tell to a True War Story† we are told that a true war story â€Å"does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior† (65). Mary Anne did not truly become ‘dark’, because to her this is not a story about war; this is a story about a woman attempting to overcome gender roles and the inability of men to accept it. When Mary Anne begins interacting with the land and the material culture of war we are introduced to her curious nature. She would â€Å"listen carefully† (91) and was intrigued by the land and its mystery. Vietnam was like Elroy Berdahl to her in the beginning in that it did not speak, it did not judge, it was simply there. Vietnam saved Mary Anne’s life. Like Elroy, â€Å"[Vietnam] was the t... ...eauty, law into anarchy, civility into savagery†¦ the only certainty is overwhelming ambiguity† (78). According to story truth Mary Anne gave into darkness and became cold, but story truth does not matter. The absolute truth is much more dark and sad than that. Mary Anne struggled to define herself in a place that gave her the opportunity. Fossie’s stubbornness and inability to accept Mary Anne’s journey, however, led to her being consumed by ambiguous darkness. Is the final truth for Mary Anne similar to Curt Lemon’s? If â€Å"[a] thing [can] happen and be a total lie; [and] another thing may not happen and be truer than the truth† (80), then maybe the final truth for Mary Anne was that she really did â€Å"know exactly who [she was]† (106). The ending of Mary Anne’s story could have been beautiful and civil to her, but ugly and chaotic to you, and that was her liberation. The Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong Essay -- Literary Analysis, O'Brie â€Å"And then one morning, all alone, Mary Anne walked off into the mountains and did not come back† (110). Tim O’Brien’s short story â€Å"The Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong† presents an all-American girl who has been held back by social and behavioral norms – grasping for an identity she has been deprived the ability to develop. The water of the Song Tra Bong removes Mary Anne’s former notion of being as she, â€Å"stopped for a swim† (92). With her roles being erased Mary Anne becomes obsessed with the land and mystery of Vietnam and is allowed to discover herself. Through the lenses of Mark Fossie and the men in the Alpha Company, Mary Anne becomes an animal and is completely unrecognizable by the end of the story. Mary Anne, however, states she is happy and self-aware. The men of the Alpha Company argue for virtue in that Mary Anne was â€Å"gone† (107) and that what she was becoming â€Å"was dangerous†¦ ready for the kill† (112). They did not want to accept a woman becoming something different from what women always were. In â€Å"How Tell to a True War Story† we are told that a true war story â€Å"does not instruct, nor encourage virtue, nor suggest models of proper human behavior† (65). Mary Anne did not truly become ‘dark’, because to her this is not a story about war; this is a story about a woman attempting to overcome gender roles and the inability of men to accept it. When Mary Anne begins interacting with the land and the material culture of war we are introduced to her curious nature. She would â€Å"listen carefully† (91) and was intrigued by the land and its mystery. Vietnam was like Elroy Berdahl to her in the beginning in that it did not speak, it did not judge, it was simply there. Vietnam saved Mary Anne’s life. Like Elroy, â€Å"[Vietnam] was the t... ...eauty, law into anarchy, civility into savagery†¦ the only certainty is overwhelming ambiguity† (78). According to story truth Mary Anne gave into darkness and became cold, but story truth does not matter. The absolute truth is much more dark and sad than that. Mary Anne struggled to define herself in a place that gave her the opportunity. Fossie’s stubbornness and inability to accept Mary Anne’s journey, however, led to her being consumed by ambiguous darkness. Is the final truth for Mary Anne similar to Curt Lemon’s? If â€Å"[a] thing [can] happen and be a total lie; [and] another thing may not happen and be truer than the truth† (80), then maybe the final truth for Mary Anne was that she really did â€Å"know exactly who [she was]† (106). The ending of Mary Anne’s story could have been beautiful and civil to her, but ugly and chaotic to you, and that was her liberation.

A Term Paper on Qubee Wimax Essay

Acknowledgement By the cordial mercy of Allah, now we will be able to submit our report to our honorable teacher Tahsina Khan Nimmi we strongly believe that it would not be possible preparing such a report without her help. Now we would like to thank our honorable teacher Mrs. Tahsina khan Nimmi for her keen efforts and invaluable guidance, helped us to understand, what the modern concept of marketing mix, Bostorn Consulting Group (BCG) matrix and SWOT analysis which help us to complete this successful completion of the report. This acknowledgment will remain incomplete if we don’t thanks to this person who helped and being corporate with us specially Fayyad Ahmedul hye(Senior product manager-Qubee) for helping me to find necessary information regarding the report. We would also like to express gratitude to our class members. They should be remembered because they produced the platform of our knowledge. Finally we are really grateful to the other employees and officers of Qubee for their help and valuable advice. Again, I like to thank our honorable teacher for giving us such a chance in completion of the report Finally, we like to say that, we have prepared this report from our own experience. We are ready to accept our unwilling errors and omission which belong to us. Executive Summery The report is prepared to determine the marketing mix, BCG matrix, SWOT analysis of Qubee. Qubee has strong and effective compensation policy which works for raising the morale, efficiency and cooperation among the employees and also adopting new operation process, marketing strategy. Through this report, a clear idea is generated about what actually marketing mix, BCG matrix, SWOT analysis is and its impact in Qubee, the importance of these, the methods and policy used to set for these, what type role these plays to encourage the employees to perform better and achieve the standards fixed and the Qubee’s view toward its necessity and success plus how they measure the results. So I can draw a sharp line of the issue toward its impact of the total human resource management department and overall the total operation and efficiency of Qubee especially in the Foreign Exchange (Bangladesh & Pakistan branch). Here I tried my level best to show the compensation system in online sector and integrate the total process with the functions of the Human Resource Management Department, after that I focused on the issue towards the contribution to other department and at last its contribution towards the efficiency and competitiveness of Qubee. Introduction [pic]Qubee is part of the Augere group. Qubee is a new and exciting company from Augere providing fast and reliable broadband internet services to residential and business customers across Bangladesh. qubee believes that everyone should be able to enjoy trouble-free access to the internet and the world of opportunities that it brings. Their aim is to make a magical internet experience available to everyone, everyday, without exception. Qubee is the creation of a group of global telecoms professionals who saw that a new technology called WiMAX could really change the internet experience for millions of people worldwide. WiMAX means that people don’t  need telephone lines or cable to get connected: all people’s need is to live close enough to a transmitter to receive the internet wirelessly. Qubee is busy building a network of base stations to offer their brand of internet access right across Bangladesh. They’re starting in Dhaka, but quickly plan to do the same in cities nationwide. Qubee has gathered a highly talented team right here in Bangladesh to build a company that’s determined to improve the internet experience for millions of people – not just here, but ultimately all over the world. History Augere Wireless Broadband Bangladesh Ltd, one of the licensees to whom BTRC gave license last year to run business providing Wimax [pic] facility in Bangladesh, has inaugurated Wimax internet service in some selected areas of the capital. The inauguration ceremony was held on 21st October in a hotel in Dhaka. Augere named much-waited Wimax internet service â€Å"Qubee†. On its inauguration ceremony, Russel T Ahmed, head of marketing, Augere, said that the service is initially being given in Gulshan, Banani, Mirpur, Bashundhara Residential Area, and Uttara Residential & Commercial Area. Anyone living in these areas can become a subscriber of the country’s first Wimax service provider, Qubee. Augere said that the service will be available in each part of the country in near future. WiMax is a technology that provides wireless transmission of data using a variety of transmission modes from point-to-multipoint links to portable and fully mobile internet access. Bangladeshi internet users have been dying for this technology since past few years. Last year Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) arranged an auction for starting Wimax business in Bangladesh. Augere, who has already started Wimax Internet service in Bangladesh under the brand name â€Å"Qubee†, is one of the four winners of the auction. After the launch of Wimax in Bangladesh with the hand of Augure wireless  Broadband Bangladesh Ltd, mixed reaction is seen among general people of the country. Most of them are not satisfied due to the â€Å"Extreme Monthly Charge† applicable for Wimax customers. However, on the inauguration ceremony of Qubee, it was said that the monthly charge will be reduced by making some offers in future. What’s qubee: Qubee is the real internet experience from Augere. They believe that everyone should be able to enjoy trouble-free access to the internet and the opportunities that it brings. They also believe that in the internet world, speed is happiness so they offer fast and reliable download backed up by customer service that never sleeps. They aren’t just making the internet work; they’re making it work beautifully. Where’s Qubee: Qubee is a new company providing fast, reliable and competitively priced broadband internet services to emerging markets around the world. They believe that everyone should be able to enjoy trouble-free access to the internet and the world of opportunities that it brings. Their aim is to make a magical internet experience available to everyone, everyday, without exception. [pic]